Is Kate Minola tamed by the end of “Taming of the Shrew” by William Shakespeare Essay

IntroductionThe Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeares most popular plays. Its wit and comedy revolves around Kate Minola, a strong-willed woman who is seen as a shrew due to her unwillingness to conform to the unwritten rules of lady-hood and Pertruchio who is convinced he was born to tame [Kate]. The most obvious and major question would then be, was Katherine tamed by the end of the play? To be tamed, one would have to be forcibly changed into submissive obedience. A tamed being would obey there master unquestionably in order to obtain a reward or avoid a punishment. I believe, although Kate has changed by the end of the play, she was not tamed but liberated. Although she acts just as Pertruchio demands, she is not submissive but in fact, has objectives of her own. BodyI would like to start by answering the questions as to why Kate is stark mad or wonderful forward to begin with. Kate has grown up being the loser in a competition with her sister in terms of suitors and the respect of there father. Baptista cherishes Bianca while not even defending Kate on the streets when people insulted, calling her too rough or fiend of hell. At the beginning of Act 2, it can be seen that Kate is jealous of Bianca. On top of that, Baptista automatically assumes that the fight was Kates fault and This combination of her frustration to the fact that that Bianca has an army of suitors while she seemingly will end up alone and the neglect, humiliation and lack of respect from her father can and did undoubtedly pushed her to become the angry person she is. Her isolation and anger is a cycle. Her strong-will and violence pushes people the people around her away, causing her to be more frustrated and angry which furthers her alienation. I believe Pertruchio was not successful in taming her but was successful freeing her of the cycle and showing her all the benefits of a better behavior. Her anger towards herself and others due to loneliness is broken by Pertruchios will to match Kates ferocity and compliment her. This has never happened to her before and I believe it gave her the attention she has always longer for. In the beginning the attention was quite obnoxious especially when it came to Pertruchio and his servants. He was angry and violent towards them much like the way Kate acted before and you can tell that she saw the horror of that behavior. Pertruchio did many things like keep her up and not feed her and after that, she most likely longed for a more peaceful environment and perhaps, if she conformed, she is able to receive better love, love that her father never gave her. I think Pertruchio also showed her that she no longer has to be mad at herself. She has a husband who loves her and therefore, the cycle is broken. Before Kate was focused on challenging the status quo and feeling sorry for herself. Petruccio took both those thoughts from her head and threw them out the window. He taught her that as long as she was happy, she shouldnt care what other people think of her. Like how he showed up at the wedding dressed like a fool. With that she is able to finally fit society show it off for all the people who had no faith in or time for her. Kates true identity is finally revealed and able to shine brightly with Pertruchio by her side. Before Pertruchio, Kate was able to get her way by being violent. However, Pertruchio strong-willed personality will not bend under her old weapon of emotional and physical lashing. I think she realizes this. The situation has already happened and cannot be reversed. She did not get tamed but learned to adapt and fight through other means. Switching up the technique and attacking from the inside. Perhaps, this is what Pertruchio wanted to show her. That by listening to him and being ACTING tamed, she can control the direction of her path. For example, by kiss him, they could stay at the party, by agreeing with the moon, she could go. In the beginning, Kate was refused a cap because she wasnt gentle and when she finally was, she was offered it. Listening to Pertruchio and sacrificing a little bit, she was able to gain a lot. By compromising, she would have the respect of Pertruchio who she could then use to obtain her desires, such as the nice gown and cap. With a strong husband, she could hold more power than she could even dream of under the title of the shrew. To a much larger extent, she can be happy. ConclusionIt is clear that by the end of the play, Kate has changed to a whole new person. But was Pertruchio successful in taming her? I believe he wasnt, however, he was able to show her the advantages of the other side. Pertruchios abusive techniques did not turn her to be submissive and obedient but liberated her of a false personality of unloveliness and violence spawned from her past. By compromising, Kate realized that she is not only able to achieve her materialistic goals like going to her fathers house or a nice gown and cap, but also respect, power and happiness way beyond what she was able to achieve before with anger. All these personal gains lead to conclude that Kate was not tamed but simply changed herself to achieve her own goals. Pertruchio opens her eyes to a life where she does not have to be mean and shrewish. He gave her the opportunity to be her true self without extinguishing her inner spirit and fire. Editors, SparkNotes. The Taming of the Shrew (No Fear Shakespeare) (No Fear Shakespeare). New York: SparkNotes, 2004. Shakespeare, William. The Taming of the Shrew (Shakespeare, Signet Classic). New York: Signet Classics, 1998. â€Å"SparkNotes: The Taming of the Shrew. † SparkNotes: Most Popular Study Guides. 31 Mar. 2009 .

First Day of Classes

A9927139 English Writing March 13, 2013 First Day of Classes (draft 1) Throughout the first twenty years in most of our life, we have attended the first day of classes several times. This time, why not abandon the ancient way and be only one of its kinds. Early in the morning, students come to school half an hour before the bell rings. Step in to the school gate with a little part of our shirt out, so the prefect can catch us for not tucking the shirts in. The school petrol will definitely have a tremendous impression on us on the first day.Then, once students enter their classrooms, look around the existing mammal in the class, gaze at new classmates appearance and judge a book by its cover to decide whom we want to become friend with. Obviously we do not want to have a new amiga who is pretty but dumb, but at least it is better than without covering and being stupid. During the class, remember not to show off your talent and ability too early, and wait until the last minute. If no one else in the class can answer the question, then go for it.This is how our image of intelligent is formed; hopefully the rest of the class will praise you as Athena. Comes the break time, this is the perfect timing for us to acquaint new friends. We can see herds of pupils gather around and start giggling and gossiping. Try to start a conversation with peers we desire to be friends with and stick to them for the first few days. Friend’s accompany gives a sense of safety. After repeating the last two steps, there comes the end of the day. Farewell to our new friends and wish us a bright tomorrow.

A Plot Summary of a Movie About Cuban Refugees in America

A Plot Summary of a Movie About Cuban Refugees in America In 1980, Fidel Castro sent hundreds of thousands of Cubans from his country on rafts to America. Castro not only sent everyday people to America on boats; he used this as a chance to clear out his crowded jail cells. There was an estimated 25,000 former Cuban inmates that arrived in Florida. Tony Montana is one of the masses of criminals sent by Cuba to America. His only chance to get a green card was to kill Rebenga, a former political leader from Cuba. Montana had no trouble executing the former communist leader. Tony moves to Miami and agrees to do a job for a big time cocaine dealer, Frank Lopez. Frank noticed the good job Tony did for him and in turn wants Montana to continue working for him. Lopez sends him to Bolivia to work on a deal with Sosa, their cocaine supplier. While there Tony seizes an opportunity to go into business for himself. Tony shoots his way to the top of a drug crime family, killing both friend and foe alike. Finally after murdering his boss and marrying his bosss girlfriend, hes crowned drug kingpin. Tony starts having legal problems and rather than do time, his supplier Sosa offered to take care of the court case if Tony would take an assassin with him to New York to eliminate one of his enemies. This was the begging of the end for Tony Montana. The man who was supposed to be eliminated had his wife and kids in the car with him. Tony was against killing women and children but the assassin wouldn’t listen to him; so Tony shot him. Tonys decline was caused by his twisted sense of brotherhood. When Sosa learned of this he was furious. He sent a small army of men to Tony’s home to kill him. Tony didn’t go down easy, but in the end he still went down. Drugs in this movie portrayed money and power. Whoever distributed the drugs had control of the others around him who didn’t. The main goal of many characters in this movie was to get people under you so they can do your dirty work. All major characters in this movie were obsessed with money drugs, and women. Tony’s philosophy was: â€Å"First you get the money, then you get the power, and then you get the women. The unhealthy messages about drugs conveyed in this movie suggest that they are a quick way to make cash but can ultimately be someone’s downfall. Tony’s drug control led to other problems. He couldn’t get his money laundered from his normal banker because the more money Tony gave the banker, the higher the interest charge he would receive in return. Tony’s best friend set up a meeting with a different banker; who happened to be an undercover police officer. Drugs are also portrayed as a way to get women. Elvira, the woman of Tony’s obsession, went from one boyfriend to another based on who could supply her cocaine addiction. In one particular scene Frank tells Tony the two key rules to success in the drug business. Rule number one is to â€Å"never underestimate the other guys greed.† Rule number two is to â€Å"never get high on your own supply.† This came back to haunt Tony because later in the movie Frank hired two hitters to take Tony out right during a performance by octavio the clown. Just when octavio was waddling around the stage, the hitters opened fire. Luckily for Tony, they werent great shots. Tony managed to evade them and escaped through the door. Tony knew it was Frank. The only thing to do was to strike back. So, he went right over to Franks. Frank denied any involvement. He said it was the Diaz brothers. Tony wasnt fooled and Frank cracked. He admitted to what he did and knelt down and groveled at Tonys feet. Tony ordered his death. The last scene was the most memorable because Tony had crossed Sosa, the powerful cocaine supplier and Sosa sent his army to execute Tony. Tony was so doped up on cocaine that he took seven or eight shots in the chest and didn’t feel any pain. He made the statement: â€Å"Your bullets can’t hurt me.† It took a shotgun blast in the back to finally kill Tony. Tony’s death was as violent as his life. I would definitely recommend this movie to others, especially if they’re the kind of person who enjoys violent, action-packed movies. was very realistic and shows how a Cuban refugee could have climbed up ladder to become a very powerful drug dealer. This film was very violent and bloody. Compared to some films today, the violence isn’t as bad as people thought it was in 1983. One of my favorite scenes in the movie is when Tony’s friend Angel is getting cut into pieces with a chainsaw. The blood splatters everywhere. The music in this film sometimes seemed lifeless and boring. When you take into consideration that it was made almost eighteen years ago, the music doesn’t sound too bad. I think Frank Lopez’s first rule of how to succeed applies to every aspect of your business life. Because no matter how bad you may want something, there’s always going to be someone else who wants it more than you.

Urban Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Urban Sociology - Essay Example n Factor: Is Afghanistan Next in Line for an Ethnic Civil War?’; the religious implications of the Iraq war will be thoroughly examined and discussed. Since the September 2001 terrorist attack, the United States had been very active in extending its support by sending some of its troops and its allies to Iraq. Aiming to provide justice to American individuals who had lost their lives during the terrorist attack, President Bush declared the launching of a campaign against terrorism. In reality, Bush’s statement and strong declaration to go against the terrorism was not only focused on political and social dimension of the case scenario. It also suggests a long-term war between Christianity against the Arab and Islamic world. (Fawzy, 2003) When President Bush made his statement to go into war with the Iraqi people, he has violated the real concept of Christianity in the sense that we should spread love and peace around us – not war. The only people who can be considered a victim of the situation are the U.S. solidiers who were sent to Iraq with the risk of losing their lives and fight against individuals who were merely protecting themselves from being attacked by the U.S. troop members. Eventhough the war in Iraq was not literally known to be a war between two religious sectors, it remains a fact that there is a strong political and religious aspect behind the war in Iraq. One political reason why U.S. is very much determined to attack Iraq is the fact that the country is rich in natural resources especially with oil which is very important to the U.S. future economic growth. (Escobar, 2007) On the other hand, war in Iraq is also considered a religious civil war. Since Islam is widely used as a transnational faith which unites its community (Toft, 2008), attacking the Islamic religion could weaken the unity of its community which could easily make the U.S. and its allies take over Iraq. The oil reserve of Iraq is second biggest in the world.

Analyze & compare works of are -what you are proud of Essay

Analyze & compare works of are -what you are proud of - Essay Example The striking characteristic of this painting is that it is a symbol of elegance, characterized by its high ability to capture and reflect lights. The colour schemes of the painting are also wholesomely expressive, bringing the image in the front and shaping the background more dull, to ensure every single detail of the painting is observable. What I am proud of from the activity is the fact that I have been able to differentiate the aspects of the two; Venice and Florence Renaissance artistic representations. From the activity, I learnt that; despite the use of the same material in painting, for example the use of oil canvas in both the above paintings, the nature of the visibility of the pieces of artwork can be different. Distinguishing the elements that makes the two paintings appear visibly different was the main challenge, but what I clearly understood is that the application of the colouring scheme and the foreshortening aspect makes the visibility aspect of the paintings different. The visibility concept is important to understand, because it is the essence of differentiating one art work from the

Construction Procurement and RIBA Plan of Work Assignment

Construction Procurement and RIBA Plan of Work - Assignment Example Separated & Cooperative System This system is one of the most widely used system where each party of the project namely client, designer and contractor are different and work separately. In this system each party completes it work and then project is transferred to next sequential predecessor. The system initiates with a feasibility study then detail design, tendering, contracting for construction along with construction supervision. The main advantages include the fact that it is one of the most practiced systems that’s why there are lesser problems encountered and general protocol procedure have been developed and well versed in case of problem. Another advantage of the system is that every aspect is done by an expert, hence every drawing, design and detail is developed to its maximum. Hence this produces a high quality of work done. The figure below shows each process that exists in a traditional procurement system. The disadvantage is that the system requires a lot of input and attention of the client, as his involvement in each step is detrimental. In addition due to the sequential nature of the system, extra time is required and wasted while transition from one step to another, as qualification and bids invitation for each party has to done for each step. Hence a variation is made in the systems processes which are now called as accelerated system, where feasibility, detail design, tender documentation and construction supervision, all the three works are given to single consultant. The whole construction process is assigned to single contractor, who selected from a prequalified contractors list. As a quantity surveyor I believe the system is well established and all system bugs have been eliminated. This system has better cost control as the client has to pay and perform the whole project piece by piece. But the time consumed is more hence the cost increase with time due to price escalation s. In my understanding, the system can be improved if the strong effective timeline of the project is created in the planning phase which will highlight the key dates of transition of different phases and review the whole timeline for free floats and critical activities to optimize the time allocation. An accurate time allocation can be only done if the correct quantity of work is known. 2. Integrated Procurement System The reason for creation of this system was to eliminate the disadvantage of the traditional procurement system. Rather than having several parties engaged in single project, in integrated procurement system the complete project is assigned to one firm that means the firm has to design as well as construct the project. The â€Å"Design & Build† system is comes under this procurement system. The starting process of this system is that a client gives an invitation to EPC (Engineering procurement construction) firms for a project and then these firms submit the te chnical and financial proposal for both design and construction. In addition the contractor along with consent of the client generally come into contractual bidding of completion of project with a certain agreed duration and in a negotiated price normally lump sum. There are some modification made to the integrated procurement systems which have resulted into newer and efficient systems for both the client and the contractor. The first among which is the â€Å"Turn key† project type. In this system the client will be handed over the keys

Capital Market and Investment Banking Process Paper Research

Capital Market and Investment Banking Process - Research Paper Example You cannot as well borrow from friends or family members and to make matters even worse back loans are inaccessible. Thus, the end of this is that one is in need of money. At this same instance you might be having one of your friends who have established a rapport with rich persons. This makes the problem half solved since he/she can introduce you to such people. However, it is at a fee. At this point in time, this friend of yours who happens to sort you out is the investment banker. The traditional investment banking structure has major divisions. These consist of mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance, sales and trading, research and capital markets on the top of the other four. The largest of investment banks usually have highly diversified business undertakings. (Wise, 2006 pp6-8) Portfolio construction is that undertaking by an investor who portrays rationality where he/she maximizes upon returns emanating from their funds at a given risk rate or level. Any unique investment possesses a unique risk as well. The returns coming from these investments are in the way of income like dividends or interest or even capital gains. A portfolio construction follows the process presented as follows: - objectives setting, policy definition, using portfolio strategy, asset selection and assessment of performance. Objectives setting involve the determination of a given fund putting into account the underlying constraints. Policy definition follows after objectives setting and this is the process through which investors establish an investment policy. Using of portfolio strategy is the application of both the passive and active strategies. Active strategies is the prospecting of the future and variations expected. Passive strategies are the actions of purchasing securities such that they march the picked market index. Selection of assets is the decision by a fund manager regarding the specific assets to invest in. Lastly, assessment of performance is the

Discussing the relationship between son and father Essay

Discussing the relationship between son and father - Essay Example The persona is helpless and this only explains the fact that the war in the World War II most affected the powerless in the region. Many themes are evident in this text such as; betrayal, resistance, collaboration and the relationship between father and son. The mood is somber because the persona hopes to save his family from the experience they all had with Holocaust but to his surprise, they are all gone. The group that was concerned with this form of inhumanity was referred to as â€Å"Nazis† and it supported the move by the Parisians. This group was made up of the Germans who were followers of Hitler. The Nazis were also against the existence of the Jewish in Paris hence, collaborated with the French policemen in order to destroy their existence. This was a form of betrayal by the Germans to the Jews since, they were neighbors in a foreign country but they still went ahead and collaborated with the natives in order to destroy them. All forms of inhuman activities are evide nt during this time and Eliezer cannot help but take the bull by its horn. He witnesses people being hang and burnt and he lives each day for his father. He says that the only thing that prevented him from dying was his father. This is because, without him, his father could not make it alone. However, it is ironic how some of the prisoners turn cruel just as the Nazis. The prisoners who are captives together with their fathers start mistreating their fathers for their survival. This relationship between a father and a son is supposed to be mutual but to Eliezer’s surprise, it is even worse than the relationship that can ever exist between two people not sharing blood. Eliezer narrates a story that involves three instances where the sons mistreat their father for their survival. In one instance, a son killed his father just to have a piece of bread to himself. This was uncouth because, just because the food that was offered to them was not enough, a son had to kill his father in order to save his own life. This happened when a German threw a piece of bread in the cattle truck the prisoners had been herded into during transportation. Another character referred to as, the son to Rabbi Eliahu is also seen abandoning his slow and weak father at the occurrence of a mad run for the purpose of increasing his chances that were left to save his life. In addition, Elizier also felt this form of burden through his father’s presence and that is why, he kept on fighting just to be alive for him. The live incidence when their fellow prisoners were hung in front of them was heartbreaking and saddening and in fact, this is what contributed to the hostile relations between fathers and sons (Wiesel, 2006). The sons starved to keep their lives going and since the presence of their father was a hindrance as they had to be reluctant in making any steps that might have left them behind, the only solution was to finish them completely. This was the highest degree of inh umanity. In this text, the author intertwines the past with the present to bring out the real meaning of the life that was experienced during the World War II in 1942. A story about a 10-year-old girl called Sarah; helps a journalist, Julia to uncover the true story about her husband’s family who are French. It is so sad to learn that the same people living in the modern world are the same people who mistreated

Corruption in correctional personnel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corruption in correctional personnel - Essay Example The legal scholars and criminologists present in other countries are usually appalled and mystified by the length of the prison sentences taking place in America. Currently there are about 2.3 million prisoners behind bars in America which is more than the number of prisoners held by any other nation(Liptak, 2008). An article published in â€Å"the guardian† in its September 2013 issue exposes that one of the American prison officers named Robert Di-Bona went to work while he was high on ecstasy.The prison officer was also accused for selling steroids to one of the former inmate. A corruption investigation was conducted against the prison officer. Beside the already mentioned allegations, the officer was also accused for providing false evidence to the commission working to eradicate corruption from government institutions. The officer also acted corruptly twice when he went to his duty, which was later found out to be the influence of ecstasy. Other than giving steroids to one of the former inmates, Robert Di-Bona was also found giving prescribed steroids to his fellow officer named Christopher Warren by the watchdog. Both Di-Bona and Warren worked for a special program at the jail. The report submitted by the commission working against corruption in jail found both the men engaged in corrupt activities and were reported using steroids on job. The officer was also accused for using his mobile phone for some kind of social purpose which is against law(Prison officer was high on ecstasy at work, corruption inquiry finds, 2013). If we look further into the matter highlighted in the article we can see that almost 1000 prison officers were found involved in corruption by the service commission. The report also suggest the fact that while most of the prison officers try to operate through honest means, there are still a number of officers that are involved in corrupt practices. There was a report broadcasted by BBC

How does a biotic-energy company (from Germany) to entry Thailand's Research Paper

How does a biotic-energy company (from Germany) to entry Thailand's market - Research Paper Example Major objective of the study is to provide a research paper in order to explain how a German Biotic-Energy company can enter in the Thailand market. The research will focus on the cultural differences in two countries. Finally, the study will recommend the organization how to develop and practice the business strategies in Thai market to achieve a sustainable growth. German Biotic-Energy Company Culture Analysis Germany is one of the developed European countries. Economically it is the third largest country in the world. German Biotic-Energy Company is trying to enter in the Thai market. Therefore, it is important to conduct a culture analysis of the organization in terms of value, language, decision making custom and religion. Decision making of the German organization is slow and detailed process. The organization tries to engage all the internal stakeholders in the decision making process. The organization does not draw significant conclusions based on the unstructured and spontan eous results. The management of the organization gives respect to all of its stakeholders during the decision making process. The organizational business culture is well defined. The company follows strictly observed organizational hierarchy. The organization follows typical German business culture. The employees never integrate personal aspects in their workplace. German Biotic-Energy Company follows a professional organizational structure. In work place the employees try to give value and respect to their sub-ordinates. German people are strongly individualistic. The employees within the Biotic-Energy Company follow through thought process. German is the official language. Therefore, according to their culture and value, they try to share their views and thoughts in German language. German people always respect people of every religion in business or organization. Almost 30% of total population is Christian. Rest of the population follows other religion. German people are very con servative. German Biotic-Energy Company tries to provide value people of all religions and gender. It is important for the organization to analyze the Thai Business culture before entering into the Thai market. Several Cultural aspects in International Business Language, religion, values and decision making custom are the major cultural aspects that can influence or affect an international business. It is true that, the Western countries are diversifying their business in the Asian countries in order to access resources such as labor, land and capital in low cost. These are huge motivating factors for the organizations. But, several cultural differences between two countries can affect the business performance of the German firm in the Thai market. Religion Religious view of majority of the Germans is Christianity. On the other hand, majority of the Thai people believes in Buddhism. Therefore, different religion background can create huge challenge for the business. It is known to a ll that, religion is a sensitive intangible matter of human beings2. Religion can integrate or separate a group of people. More than 90% of total population practices Buddhism. The Thai people believe in peace and honesty. These people are strong believer of their religion. They follow each and every aspect of their religion in both personal and professional life. According to their religion, simplicity and free of desire will bring Nirvana or

The Clubfooted Grocer Essay Example for Free

The Clubfooted Grocer Essay In class we were looking at a short story written by Arthur Conan Doyle the man who wrote the famous Sherlock Holmes detective stories. Conan Doyle was a Scottish writer born in 1859, died in 1930 aged 71. Arthur Conan Doyle was trained as a doctor but never succeeded in this profession. He found more money would come from writing. Aged thirty- two he forgot about being a doctor and became a writer. He wrote all sorts of books Historical, romance, and adventure, but the Sherlock Holmes stories are what made him famous. In this essay I am going to examine the narrative and linguistic techniques Arthur Conan Doyle uses in The Clubfooted Grocer and the effect they have on the reader. The techniques I will focus on are characterisation, location and imagery, and the plot tension in the story.  The Clubfooted Grocer is based on the narrator and his Uncle, who has not excited to him and his mother for many years. Suddenly, out of no where, he sends a litter to ask for his nephew to go visit him up north. He gets on the train and meets his uncles messenger at a different station to where his uncle lives. He doesnt know why he has to meet there and why hes gone up north. He arrives at the house and it is surrounded by sailors but also doesnt know why. The sailors attack the house and break in. Arthur Conan Doyle uses techniques to make the story interesting and give it a little thrill.  Plot tension is when the author doesnt let you know whats going to happen so it makes you read the story further. The author can do this in many ways, maybe by only giving you a little information on someone and only the bad points on them. In The Clubfooted Grocer the author has used a lot of plot tension. The first time he used plot tension is in the opening paragraph. The paragraph opens introducing us to a Mr Steven Maple who is described as an unsociable, unrespectable man. It gives us a little information on his business life, which sounds like it didnt get very far and some of his business was a legal. It also mentions that he got beat up but doesnt give a reason why, which makes you wont to know. This is good plot tension. It also mentions that he disappeared in a lonely part of the north of England, but why, it leads to maybe a thrill in the story, makes you want to read on. The second time plot tension appears is in the second paragraph, again on the opening page. The paragraph opens with the narrators Mother reading him a letter from his Uncle, which is Mr Maple. The letter includes that Mr Maple wants his Nephew to go up north to meet him. Again why? This is what the letter doesnt include. It maybe for a visit or for the boy to help his uncle to get out of all his trouble. By Arthur Conan Doyle not giving any reason for the boys visit makes the story a little tense so would Inca ridge the reader to find out the reason why his nephew needs to go to meet his uncle, which makes you have to read on in the story to find this out. This is excellent plot tension. The third time plot tension appears is in the third paragraph. The paragraph opens with on no account let John get out at Congleton. This starts the paragraph with plot tension straight away because it sounds scary like if John gets out at that station something terrible is going to happen to him.  As you can see there is continuous plot tension in the story.  Arthur Conan Doyle has also used the technique of characterisation to make the reader think on what the characters in this story may look like. Characterisation is when in the story a new important character is introduced he/she is described in much detail to gain your attention. There is two times that Conan Doyle uses this in the story. The first time characterisation appears in The Clubfooted Grocer is on the sixth page of this story. It is used to describe Mr Steven Maple himself. Conan Doyle uses these words thick, small, rounded, ginger, white, heavy, and bald to give you a picture in your mind of what Uncle Steven would look like. With these words you can imagine Mr Maple as a short over weight bald round-headed man. The second time characterisation appears in this story is on the tenth page of this story and finishing on the eleventh. It is used here to describe Captain Elias. Conan Doyle uses the same technique to introduce new characters that are important in the story. He does this by using short nouns to describe the character. So in this case he uses these words to describe Captain Elias Freckled, great black cloak, different, crafty, cruel, dangerous, sly, and gloated. These words you can imagine what Captain Elias looks like and also the way he may act and talk. The very short words like crafty, cruel, and sly describe maybe what Captain Elias is like to his peers. Mr Steven Maple is in trouble with Captain Elias so these words can express what might actually happen to Steven Maple or the actions taken by Captain Elias. The third technique that Conan Doyle uses is location and imagery. Conan Doyle uses this for the readers to imagine where the story is set. On page twenty, the fifth paragraph Conan Doyle has used the narrator to explain the scenery of the place where hes going, in this case north England. This paragraph describes the narrators journey to where he is visiting his Uncle Steven Maple. He explains he doesnt know where the train he is travelling on is leading him. He only knows the stop to get off. For two hours I passed through desolate rolling plains, rising into places into low, stoned littered hills this is taken from the fifth paragraph on page twenty explaining where the story is set. Conan Doyle uses this technique very well on the fifth page of the story on the eleventh line. He uses this for a whole paragraph. It was quite dark outside, with heavy black clouds drifting slowly across the sky this is taken from that paragraph and explains the scenery that the young boy is surrounded by. This is good use of location. This paragraph goes on explaining the actions taken by the young boys guide. At first my guide walked swiftly and carelessly but eventually his pace slowed down this sentence finishes explaining how the guide slows down for the rest of their journey. Conan Doyle has used location very well in this; it gives you a good idea of where the story is set at all times. The Clubfooted Grocer was not interesting for me, the story seemed very pointless in my point of view. I can understand why maybe this story was chose for the students to study as it was wrote by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle but I found this story not one I would want to look at again. I understand the techniques used in this story and these were used very well. I think Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has structured this story well but not a good story line.

Business and Management Personal Statement Examples Essay Example for Free

Business and Management Personal Statement Examples Essay Since my early years, I have been naturally introduced to the world of Business and Economics. Growing up near Central London and Canary Wharf I had always been intrigued by my surroundings and the mechanics of business, and was introduced into the world of Economics further on in my life. My childhood was filled with mini business ventures as well as supporting the start-up businesses of my family’s confectionary store and a technology store, which became the catalyst of my passion for the subject. Recently, I have taken up the initiative to read ‘The Economist’ to broaden my subject knowledge and keep up-to-date with current affairs. I believe a degree related to economics will help me excel in many different fields of work such as business, management, and marketing. I believe that Economics at A-Level and Business at GCSE, equip me with the invaluable skills needed for a degree. The skills I have acquired from studying Business include calculated decision-making as well as learning the ways of raising finance, motivation strategies, and promotional methods. Economics at A-Level has broadened my understanding of economies, firms, and government policy-making as well as making me grasp the importance of finance in society. In my A-Level study of Information Technology, I created an IT-based solution for a business-related problem. This enabled me to develop problem-solving abilities, as I had to evaluate several possible ways of achieving the required solution. Geography requires extensive research and the gathering and creating of information from various sources. I am excited about the challenges that I may face at University, and the chance to advance my skills further. During the summer, I had a work experience placement at Deloitte. I was required to organize and create solutions to different situations in risk advisory, financial services, and technology. This enabled me to apply my skills gained from business such as intense decision-making into a situation. The aim was to analyze each situation and be able to easily identify areas of improvement. I currently have a part-time job at Gadget Converters. Working as a Sales Advisor has helped me to become more confident as I am required to socialize with people from different backgrounds and ages and to handle situations in a professional manner, which I can transfer to a University environment. I also learned about bookkeeping, organizing cash receipts, creating expenditure spreadsheets, and selling platforms. My decision to study a degree related to business was reinforced because of the enjoyment and success I gained in my work experience and current work. Watching documentaries on current affairs ignited my curiosity about the economy and what factors shape it. This degree will allow me to gain wider knowledge and help challenge my theories. I thoroughly enjoy reading; particularly the news and the articles that stem from certain stories. I have also published an article on an upcoming football site called the ‘Liverpool Transfer Room’. This opened the door of publishing articles through the WordPress platform and has given me the opportunity to write to an audience. Furthermore, I regularly take part in activities in my local youth club such as table tennis and FIFA competitions. I have been involved in Young Enterprise scheme, in which students were tasked with brainstorming a product, creating a unique selling point and deciding the target market amongst other factors. The workshop provided me a unique insight into the decisions and running of a business. These activities also strengthened my abilities to lead and comm unicate effectively within a team. I look forward to becoming involved in all aspects of university life, not only academically, but also socially and I feel that I would benefit greatly from a place in university as this will help me to pursue my career in Economics.

Relationship Between Inflation And Exchange Rate Economics Essay

Relationship Between Inflation And Exchange Rate Economics Essay Inflation is an increase in the price of a set of goods and services that is representative of the economy as a whole and an exchange rate is the current market price for which one currency can be exchanged for another. If the U.S. exchange rate for the Pakistani Rupee is Rs. 85, this means that one American Dollar can be exchanged for 85 Pakistani Rupees. Different journals give their opinion about relationship between inflation and exchange rate. Now we explain journals views about this relationship:- Haldane (1995)  [1]  present the design of inflation target is linked umbilical to the welfare cost of inflation. Yates (1995)  [2]  the design of many inflation targeting regimes includes specific exception for trouble that are predictable to outcome in momentary price level actions lone. This has been observing that optimal design of inflation depends upon the costs of inflation. Depending on how agents form expectations of future inflation, direct exchange rate effects coming through import prices may result only in price level shifts. This arises perceive that a portion of the observed inflation in the CPI index is the result of changes in import prices that are drives by recent movements in the exchange rate, and they form their expectations of future CPI inflation by looking through or ignoring these effects. Svensson (1997)  [3]  present the objectives of monetary policy which serves to place the choice of exchange rate and inflation targeting. Monetary police can control inflation and exchange rate in the long run. In the short run monetary policy can influence the inflation that have adverse effects. Since central bank control the exchange rate and nominal exchange rate does not have an inherent significant for welfare and economic growth. The choice between an exchange rate target and an explicit inflation target should be seen as the choice between different intermediate targets in order to fulfill the goal for monetary policy. Monetary policy cannot prevent such variability in the real exchange rate. But the negative consequences of such variability can be minimized with an inflation target. Bleaney and Fielding (1999)  [1]  present those developing countries which peg their exchange rate achieve lower inflation. Developing countries face a trade-off choosing exchange rate regime floating the exchange rate allows the authorities greater freedom to respond to exogenous shocks, so that they achieve greater stability of output (and inflation) than under pegged rates, at the expense of higher mean inflation. The hypothesis can be attributed to the inability of developing countries to import the anti-inflation creditability of the advance countries. The widespread adoption of floating exchange rates in the developing world has had a significant cost, with faster inflation than in the typical pegged-rate country. Evans Lyons (1999)  [2]  have used previous data on quotes and transactions to link up the activities of traders and asset prices over several months. They find a strong relationship between customer order flow and the DM/US$ exchange rate. A data set covering customer dealer trading and brokered interdealer trading become available, the order flow picture can be completed. The affects of increasing order-flow transparency may be important: unlike most other financial markets, the FX market is unregulated in this respect. McCarthy (2000)  [1]  finds that the impact of import prices and exchange rate on consumer price index in industrialized countries. The exchange rate has modest affect on domestic price inflation while import prices have a strong affect. This framework is incorporates a distribution chain of prices, has been widely adopted by a number of authors for analyzing the exchange rate pass through for various countries e.g. Leigh and Rossi (2002) for Turkey, Ashok (2002) for south Africa etc. Taylor (2000)  [2]  argued that pass-through is highest when exchange rate changes are perceived to be persistent and prices adjustment because of the expectations of the public. The pass-through will low because of low inflation. The pass-through changes in costs to prices, a decline that is frequently characterized as the reduction in the pricing power of firms. The paper alludes to the relative version pf purchasing power parity, which claims that base of equilibrium exchange rate between the two currencies will be determined by the relative movements in the price levels in the two countries. Change in the exchange rate has positive relation to the higher domestic prices. In this equation, there are E stands for exchange rate in terms of domestic currency per unit of foreign currency. Stands for foreign currency prices of the imported goods and P stands for domestic currency. When marginal cost is constant and markups of prices over costs is also constant than pass-through will be complete. Grauwe (2000)  [1]  analyze the implications of the view for transmission of monetary shocks. Monetary policy has different effects on the exchange rate and the price level depending on the nature of these beliefs. He claims that under the sets of beliefs that dominate the foreign exchange market, the ECB would found it difficult to control the rate of inflation. Odusola and Akinlo (2001)  [2]  present the existence of mixed results on the impacts of the exchange rate depreciation on the output in both medium and long term. The flexible exchange rate system does not necessary to adopt and lead the output expansion in the short-run. The discipline, confidence, creditability on the part of the government is essential. The official exchange rate shocks were followed by increases in prices, money supply and parallel exchange rate. VAR models suggested that the impacts of lending rate and inflation on the output were negative. The output and parallel exchange rate are the major determinants of inflation dynamics in Nigeria. The developments in the official exchange rate generate the positive impacts on the parallel exchange rate. It revealed that lending rate and inflation generated substantial destabilizing the impacts on the output, the monetary authoritys plays and critical role in creating an enabling environment for growth. Choudhri, Faruqee and Hakura (2002)  [3]  examine the performance of open economies all the way through macroeconomic models illumination the exchange rate pass-through in a extensive variety of the prices. He has been used the model based on VAR models and concludes that best-fitting models incorporate a quantity of features painted by diverse strands of the literature: sticky prices, sticky wages, allocation expenditure and a amalgamation of local and manufacturer currency pricing. Bhundia (2002)  [1]  analyzes the quantity to which fluctuations in the so-called exchange rate lead through to customer prices in South Africa. While the regular pass-through is established to be near to the ground, proof from a structural vector auto regression suggests it is much greater for supposed (against genuine) shocks. However, shocks to producer prices tend to have a considerable impact on consumer prices. He also found that pass-through is much higher for nominal rather than real shocks. The Rossi (2002) finds that the pass-through from the exchange rate to domestic prices continues for a year but is more intensive in the first four months, the pass-through to WPI is more pronounced than CPI, forecast of inflation. Rabnal also prove that pass-through to WPI is more pronounced than pass-through CPI. McFarlance (2002)  [2]  present the affects of exchange rate changing on one of the following (1) import export prices (2) consumer prices (3) investment and also (4) trade volumes. The previous study on Jamaica tells that the pass-through on prices and wages are significant. The inflationary impact of exchange rate depreciation in Jamaica has declined in recent years. Pass-through to the CPI is approximately 80% complete six months after initial shocks to the nominal exchange rate for the 1990 to 1995. And than after pass-through is less complete at approximately 45% in the 1996 to 2001 six months after an initial shocks to the nominal exchange rate. In addition to, the pass-through to CPI excluding starchy in agriculture to the CPI over the two sub-samples. The pass- through is approximately 70% in 1990 to 1995 complete six months after an initial shock to the nominal exchange rate. These results show that the speed of the pass-through has slowed significantly in the last five years. This situation shows the lower demand and structural transformation in the Jamaicas economy. Additionally there has been increased competition in the domestic economy: this coupled with the fall in output following the financial crises of the mid to late 1990s would have had an impact on per capita income and hence aggregate demand. Carr and Rebello (2002)  [1]  analyze the feasibility and complication of inflation targeting in the developing countries. There is wealth of econometrics attempting to demonstrate the success of various inflation regimes at decreasing inflation. The success of a county is in low inflation. Taylor (1991) shows the monetary authorities react to other variables besides inflation, such as output and exchange rate. Stylized facts indicate that a common implication of inflation targeting is an appreciating exchange rate due to capital inflows. The exchange rate appreciation is the result of inflation targeting with open capital markets. If prices are set as a markup over costs, than prices will be quite sensitive to changes in the exchange rate. The exchange rate affects the equilibrium of the iso-inflation curve. The increase in capital inflows causes the exchange rate to appreciate. The ultimate rate of inflation depends on the relative affects of the exchange rate, interest rate, a nd output. The inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate dynamics evolve over time given initial short run equilibrium conditions. Berument and Pasaogullari (2003)  [2]  have reviewed in their study, that there is negative relationship between output and real exchange rate in Turkey. They analyzed that their exist long-term negative relationship between inflation and exchange rate and output. They run different VAR models and estimate the forecast error variance decompositions and impulse responses obtained from the VAR models were examined and they also analyzed the bivariate relationship between the set of the variables of interest. However, from Granger causality test, a significant causality between the variables could not be found. They found that a long-run relationship exists among inflation, exchange rate and output, which led us to employ VAR models. After including different variables in VAR models like real exchange rate, inflation, output, interest rate, capital account and current account real exchange rate movements were proved to be important in the variability of output. They suggest that to limit the detrimental effects of devaluation, the overvaluation of the currency must be prevented, and there is no easy way to keep output costs at moderate levels after devaluation. These finding suggest that an overvalued domestic currency may initially result in increased output but may create the risk of a financial crisis, which, in turn, may cause exchange rate depreciation and subsequent output losses. Carranza and Sanchez (2004)  [1]  explain the pass-through between exchange rate and inflation with the degree of dollarization. They suggest that those countries which have high dollarization demonstrate greater pass-through coefficients. With the use of fifteen samples emerging-market countries with the different degrees of dollarization , they find that pass-through in highly dollarized economies is indeed higher, but it also tend to be more asymmetric than in economies with a lower degree of dollarization. They define that there is negative pass-through coefficient during economic downtime. The reason for this irregularity is the unconstructive balance-sheet result that can lead the constructive competition effect generated by real exchange rate depreciations. Honohan and Lane (2004)  [1]  argued that exchange rate movements have important effects on inflation divergence within the EMU. The inflation rates of euro appreciation (2002-2003) as well as periods of euro depreciation (1999-2001). According to Irish case: in 2003 the pass-through of inflation and exchange rate was already under way and consumer price inflation stopped in its tracks. Inflation fell to zero in response to the strengthening of the euro vis-à  -vis the dollar. There is lagged correlation between Irish CPI inflation and the level of nominal effective exchange rate. They suggest the variety of regressions to exp-lain annual inflation differentials across the Euro zone over the 1999-2001 periods. They found the variations in nominal effective exchange rate movements explaining divergent inflation rate during this period, although the HICP data suggest that this largely operates via the influence of exchange rates on national output gaps. The exchange rate channel i s strongly significant for each of the inflation measures. There is also some evidence of asymmetries in that exchange rate depreciation passes through into inflation more quickly than does exchange rate appreciation. Finally our analysis with quarterly data 1999.1-2004 confirms the powerful connection between exchange rate and inflation. with the passage of time, it should be possible to construct a more complete accounting of the dynamic structure of the relationship between these variables than is possible with only five years of data. Rutasitara (2004)  [2]  explains that Tanzania in 1960s faced the inflation and there has been interest, therefore, in inflation performance and the role of the exchange rate in the process. When inflation rate rise, then erode the value of money holdings, trade flows, investors confidence etc. the controls covered prices (including wages, interest rate, goods prices, and exchange rate) and allocation of domestic credit and foreign exchange, the exchange rate became prominent in the policy debate on the internal and external imbalances. Until then, the parallel exchange rate had an upper hand on the rate of inflation compared with the official exchange rate. The impact of foreign prices and exchange rate depends upon existing pricing arrangements, which in Tanzania have ranged from controls to markets. While a more or less stable nominal exchange rate is desirable for trade and investment decisions, it is more important to maintain the rate at sustainable levels. The level and pr ospects of the foreign reserves position are important in this respect. The exchange rate remains precariously sensitive and easily vulnerable to exogenous shocks, domestic economic factors, and non-economic events like social and political instability that may generate a desire to shift financial assets into a foreign currency considered to be more secure. Bleaney and Francisco (2004)  [1]  define that if the monetary authorities adopt an accommodatory stance by allowing the money supply to respond more to the price shock, then inflation will be more persistence. Smith (1991), Alogoskoufis (1992) and Obstfeld (1995) compare persistence estimates for OECD countries over different periods characterized by different exchange rate regimes. When monetary authorities in the OECD countries began to recognize that a tough response to inflation shocks was necessary to keep inflationary expectations down. Our results show that inflation persistence is much the same under soft pegs as under floating. It is significantly lower under hard pegs (currency boards or a shared currency), where the scope for monetary accommodation of inflation shocks is much reduced. Adolfson (2004)  [1]  suggest that the pass-through from exchange rate changes to prices in Swedish currency of imported goods is discussed as well as conceivable reasons for why these changes are not passed through completely in the short-run. The inflation rate in Sweden had recently been low. inflation = weight x domestic inflation +(1-weight ) x imported inflation Where weight is domestic inflations share of total inflation. As a result, conditions in Sweden will also affect imported inflation, not only via the exchange rate but also through an impact on foreign exporters prices for Swedish importers. The relative significance of the exchange rate and world market prices for Swedish import prices is difficult to determine, however, since it is rare that data is available that would enable a comparison of the price of a certain product in the Swedish market. Rather, the recent fall in import prices seems to be largely attributable to exchange rate developments. T5hus in the short-run, the pass-through from exchange rate changes to Swedish import prices appear to be limited. There is weak relationship between exchange arte and prices in the foreign market. Bailliu and Fujii (2004)  [2]  argued that credible monetary policy play an important role to decrease the inflation in industrialized countries. Many industrialized countries that the extant of pass-through of exchange rate into buyer prices has turned down. They argued that ERPT is primarily a function of the persistence of exchange rate and price shocks, which tend to be reduced in an environment where inflation is low and monetary policy is more credible. Using the data of 11 developed countries more than the period from 1977-2001, they evidence to support the hypothesis that EPRT declines with a shift to a low-inflation surroundings bring about by modify in the financial policy control. The consequence proposes that pass-through to import; manufacturer and consumer price inflation reduces following the inflation stabilization that occurred in most of the developed countries in the early 1990s. Ruiz (2005)  [1]  in this study describes the effects of inflation and exchange rate uncertainty on the rate of real economic activity.  He explains in his literature that these two issues and discrete issues.  Note whether the frequency of inflation or the frequency of exchange rates on economic growth in the various actions or financial activity.  In this paper, the author tries to address these issues by analyzing the size and direction of the effect of: inflation and the frequency in the exchange rate on real economic activity.  Through the introduction of dummy variables and control of monetary policy change (change of inflation targeting and flexible exchange rate).   Autoregressive using a variety of conditional (GARCH) rates of inflation and exchange rates, and predictive models obtained conditional variance errors and measures of uncertainty.  The study results indicate that the increase in the higher level of uncertainty, causing inflation farms, and vice ve rsa for the Colombian economy.  In addition, the issue of inflation just to get out of the frequency of negative impact. Goldstein and Lardy (2005)  [2]  define as the weight of emerging economies in the global economy has increased. This is particularly the case with chinas exchange rate policy since it is now the worlds third largest importer and fourth largest exporter. Thus, any adjustment of Chinas exchange rate regime will have to maintain most existing capital controls until the domestic banks are further strengthened. China could simultaneously and immediately remove the restrictions on capital flows and let the market determine value of the RMB. The constraints mean the search is for second-best policy options. International codes of conduct for exchange rate policy are no less necessary than those for trade policy; without them, there can be a free-for-all that is in no ones interest, least of all the emerging economies that depend so heavily on access to international markets. Currency manipulation is not a narrow academic issue, akin to how many angels can fit on the head of a pin. It i s instead a legitimate practical concern in establishing a level international playing field. Grauwe (2005)  [1]  gives their views on the relationship between inflation and exchange rate that exchange rate regime and inflation is that pegged exchange rate contribute to lower and more stable inflation. The exchange rate fixity does not reduce economic growth in the South Eastern and Central European countries. In countries, with strong institutional framework (based on central bank independence and developed money markets), low inflation can be achieved without any specific commitment to an explicit exchange rate target. In large (closed) economies, inflation targets-which imply freely floating exchange rates-will not affect the volatility of inflation. On the contrary, by fixing exchange rates to the euro, the countries at the EMU periphery can reap the benefits of more trade and lower interest rates. The view that entry into the euro area will constrain the growth potential is not warranted. The evidence also shows that for these small, open economies, stabilizing excha nge rates has been a source of macroeconomic stability. The Mundell framework seems to be the right one to use in thinking about the desirability of joining the euro area. The risk of to join the EMU will be particularly strong, if labor marker flexibility is low. Vargas (2005)  [1]  explains monetary policy in Colombia converged to a pure, full-fledged inflation-targeting strategy after the abandonment of exchange rate bands in 1999. Colombia had experienced moderate inflation (15-30 percent annual rates) for about 20 years and a crawling-peg regime with capital controls had been in place since 1967. In the context of a monetary policy strategy based on the use of intermediate monetary targets. Thus, a floating regime was established and monetary policy converged to a full-fledged inflation-targeting framework. Monetary and foreign exchange policy had two main initial objectives. The first was to continue gradual disinflation toward its long-term target and the second was to restore international reserves to levels that would limit the external vulnerability of the economy. Starting from a deep recession, the policy stance has been expansionary. Inflation has declined along decreasing targets, output has recovered and international reserv es have reached levels that limit the external vulnerability of the economy. The most convincing hypothesis about the rationale for intervention in Colombia is the argument in favor of managed floating. Thus, fiscal imbalances pose a threat to the credibility and power of monetary policy through several political economy channels. Angkinand and Willet (2006)  [2]  Studying the effects of the choice of exchange rate regimes on the likelihood of financial crisis in a sample of a very talented market and developing countries for the period 1990-2003.  It is a multi-channel testing of potential impacts of exchange rate regimes to crises.  They found that soft Pegs associated with other central systems with high potential economic crises of the regulation reform difficult corner and rates are very flexible, and partly because it seems to be associated with more loans in foreign currency are not protected and extension  extreme credit of the Interior.  Also affect the test through the channel of the monetary crises caused by the strong relationship between monetary and financial crises, and between the soft Pegs and monetary crisis.  These effects are much stronger in the market, the increase in developing countries. Allsopp, Kara and Nelson (2006)  [1]  define the United Kingdoms monetary policy strategy can be characterized as one of floating exchange rates and inflation forecast targeting. The specification of exchange rate and inflation relationship implied by standard New Keynesian models, which postulate that imports serve as finished consumer goods, is inconsistent with the U.K empirical evidence. It is a well-known principle in the New Keynesian literature that the index whose inflation rate is targeted should refer to the set of prices which are sticky and which prevent the instantaneous achievement of the flexible-price equilibrium. The broader policy implications arise from the way in which openness is modeled and the way in which exchange rate changes impact on inflation. In the standard model, there is a direct and immediate effect on the price of imported consumer goods, which then impacts directly on inflation. When imports are intermediate goods, following the specification us ed and recommended by McCallum and Nelson (1999), the U.K. evidence can be reconciled with optimizing theory. In particular, the weak relationship observed between consumer price inflation and exchange-rate changes, despite strong rates of pass-through, can be rationalized. Furthermore, this modeling strategy implies that it is appropriate to target consumer price inflation. Monetary policy regimes do matter for the exchange rate/inflation relationship, but not in the manner argued in the literature. Several studies have appealed to the role of monetary policy regime in blocking the pass-through of exchange-rate movements to imported goods prices. The U.K. evidence instead is consistent with substantial pass-through to import prices across regimes. Adjustment of the relative price of imports is often a desirable response to real shocks hitting the economy. To some extent, this adjustment may be facilitated by permitting a one-time rise in the aggregate price level even if at the cos t of inflation temporarily moving away from the target. The U.K. experience under inflation targeting, however, suggests that only minor deviations of inflation from target would be required for this purpose. the exchange rate should be taken into account only via their influence on the forecast for consumer price inflation are open to the criticism that standard models suggest that consumer prices constitute too broad an index to target, and that the imported component should be removed from the targeted inflation rate. A properly-measured output gap (i.e. one which takes into account the negative impact on potential output of a higher real cost of imports) is an adequate summary of the implications of exchange-rate movements for welfare. Edwards (2006)  [1]  says that in many countries the nominal exchange rate is often used as a means of curb inflation.  Currency crisis are common, and usually the result of acute (Real Madrid), excessive exchange rate. It affects inflation, exports, imports and economic activity. For decades the vast majority of emerging countries had rigid exchange rate regimes. This move away from exchange rate rigidity has tended to take place at the same time as many countries have embraced inflation targeting as a way of conducting monetary policy. The conjunction of IT and flexible rates has brought to the center of the discussion a host of new policy issues, including issues related to the role of the exchange rate in monetary policy, volatility and the relationship between exchange rate changes and inflation. He addressed three of this issues: (a) the relationship between the pass-through and the effectiveness of nominal exchange rates in IT regimes; (b) the effects of IT on exchange r ate volatility; and (c) the role (or potential role) of exchange rate changes on the monetary rule in IT countries. Countries that have adopted IT have experienced a declined in the pas-through from exchange rate changes to inflation. In many of the countries in the sample this decline in the pass-through has been different from CPI inflation than for PPI inflation. The adoption of IT monetary policy procedures has not resulted in an increase in (nominal or real) exchange rate volatility. there is some evidence that IT countries with a history of high an unstable inflation tend to take into account explicitly developments in the nominal exchange rate when conducting monetary policy. Kamin (2006)  [1]  Describes the comparative research between the response to changes in inflation rates in competitive exchange rates in various regions of the world.  The report shows that the empirical relationship between inflation and the level of real exchange rate, which has been documented in Mexico earlier research by the author, covering a wide range of other countries.  This can be a dilemma for policy makers because it means you cannot lower inflation and increase the competitiveness of exports access to the same time.  In response to the inflation of the real exchange rate is much higher in Latin America, Asia or in industrialized countries.  This difference in the responsiveness of inflation is not a full explanation of the date of inflation or the degree of openness to foreign trade.  It may be less sensitive to inflation, real exchange rate in Asia than in Latin America is going to allow Asian countries continues to focus on always maintaining competitiv eness and export growth.<

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

A Doll’s House Henrik Ibsen was born in 1828 on the coast of Norway into a middle class family. When he was 6 years of age, due to financial loss, his family were forced to move to a smaller house in the country and his education was disruppted. Ibsen had to work as an apprentice and study in the evening this alienated him from his family and he was never to reunite with them. In 1849 his first play was published and was a disaster. Ibsen altered his style of writing to accommodate the trend of the era which was romanticism. His second play the â€Å"The Warrior’s Borrow† was a success. Ibsen then acquired a job as â€Å"Dramatic Author† at the Norwegian Theatre which included all parts of the theatre production directing, designing sets and costumes as well as financial and business aspects. At this point in time, Ibsen was successful as light comedy, romanticism and melodrama were the main subjects he wrote about. By 1860 he was disillusioned with those and wanted to deal with real issues about everyday life in society, which his middle class audience could relate to. Being a socialist, Ibsen’s realistic for of writing made his audiences think and even examine their own life’s this made his realistic plays extremely successful with the public but the critics thought other wise. In 1877 â€Å"The Pillars of Society† was his naturalistic play but still contained a happy ending. Then only two years later â€Å"A Doll’s House† had a totally different ending which embraced women’s rights and was revolutionary causing a stir throughout Europe. Most of Ibsen’s realistic plays were based on events that had happened in his own life. The style at the time was Romanticism and melodrama this genre of theatre was known as â€Å"The Well Made Play†. The plays in this era consisted of your typical goodies vs. baddies battles which resulted in the goodies winning nearly all the time. A high percentage of the time these types of plays ended up with every thing falling into place nicely for instance, the man gets the women, the goodies win the battle and everyone lives â€Å"happily ever after†. As I stated earlier on Ibsen wanted to move away from this style and on to a different on. Ibsen helped develop a new genre of theatre along with Shaw called Naturalistic. This type of drama was classed as â€Å"The new theatre† which dealt with real life situations, morals and social issues. Some critics found this style of drama scandalous which dented its popularity in the early stages. The first play to generate positive remarks from the critics was Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Dolls House†.

Luis Valdezs Los Vendidos Essay example -- History Historical Los Ven

Luis Valdez's Los Vendidos "Los Vendidos," which translates from the literal Spanish to "The Sold Ones" or a more appropriate translation of the title is "The Sell Outs." This is a satiric play written by Luis Valdez and performed by "El Teatro Campesino," which translates into "The Farmworkers’ Theater." El Teatro Campesino, founded by Luis Valdez in 1965, was a group of California farmworkers who put together "Actos," or "Skits." These "Actos" were made mainly to entertain "striking farmworkers, support them in their marches, and attract public attention to their strikes and organization" (http://www.pbs.org/chicano/bios/lvaldez.html). Though there is much comedy in the play, it brings about many important social issues that faced Mexicans and Mexican-Americans in the U.S. during the 1960’s. Even after almost three decades, these social issues are still apparent in Mexican-American society and others as well. While I was aware of such movements, such as the Black Panthers’ moveme nt observed in African-American history, I was never aware of the hardships facing Latin@s, such as Chicanos, in the U.S. By analyzing "Los Vendidos" through class readings, class notes, notes from a speaker, and Internet resources, I can easily further my understanding of a society that was in need of equality. In the first part of the video, our "Latin@s in the U.S.A." class was shown part of Chicano! The part of the video documentary that our class saw showed us a brief summary of what life was like for Mexicans in the 1960’s. The way Mexicans were treated by the U.S. government wasn’t fair. For instance this is seen, in Chicano!, when "journalist Ruben Salazar, who is the news director of KMEX and a columnist for the L.A. Times,... ...em did not want to go. After watching "Los Vendidos," and after laughing a little or a lot, all the underlying messages, or most of them, are jumping straight out of the film. The more the film is watched, the more the underlying messages you’ll find dwelling in this bed of knowledge and hidden beneath the sheets of comedy and sarcasm. At the end, we find out that Honest Sancho was the real robot and that all the people he was trying to sell were just acting. Each member in the lot feels for Eric, whose real name is Kiki, because he really did not want to leave with the secretary, Miss Jimenez. Though it seemed throughout the play that Chicanos did not know what to do, the last segment of the play clarifies all. By taking out a map, the Chicanos continue to work systematically figuring out how to disperse as many Chicanos to as many communities as possible.

prejudice in to kill a mockingbird :: essays research papers

Prejudice is arguably the most prominent theme of the novel. It is directed towards groups and individuals in the Maycomb community. Prejudice is linked with ideas of fear superstition and injustice. Racial prejudice consumed the mob (pg 166), which wished to prevent Tom even gaining a court hearing, the most basic form of justice. This is probably the fiercest form of prejudice in the novel. The abolition of slavery after the civil war gave blacks the same legal position as many whites in America. This initially made Blacks ´ lives harder because now the Whites saw them as competitors for jobs during the 30s depression. Fear and paranoid led to the Whites believing that the Blacks desired all the whites had, including their women. Aunt Alexandra ´s attitude to Calpurnia The Missionary tea ladies ´ comments about the Blacks Segregation of White and Black in Maycomb Dolphus Raymond - White man living with Black woman Class & Family Group is recognised by Jem on page 249 â€Å"There are four kinds of folks in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  -  · Finches & neighbours: White middle-class  · Cunninghams: Badly hit farming community  · Ewells: Lowest class of whites ‘White Trash ´  · Blacks: Seen as bottom of social strata Due to the abolition of slavery there was no longer a clear-cut line between the Ewells and the Blacks; skin colour did not make them any better. When Tom said in the trial that he felt sorry for Mayella (a crime worse than rape in the jury ´s eyes) - the lowest class showing superiority for a class above themselves. The white community was frightened for their own position in society; the only reason Tom was found guilty was to maintain the traditional hierarchies. Alexandra is obsessed with heredity and educating Scout and Jem of their superior family background - she will not allow Scout to bring home a Cunningham to play, nor will she allow her to visit Calpurnia at her home. Everyone in Maycomb has a particular â€Å"streak† (pg 143), mean streak, drinking streak etc. There is a lot of pigeon holing families (pg 145). Gender - At the time the novel is set, women were still regarded as unequal to men. Scout learns this from:  · Miss Maudie in terms of religion (pg 50)  · Atticus in terms of the law - no women on juries  · Alexandra in expected terms of dress and behaviour However, there was an idealised view of women held at the time - the Southern Gentleman was excepted to be chivalrous to Southern Belles and that these women were to be protected and almost worshiped.

Forensics 1.06 Critical Thinking

Review QuestionsWhat is forensic science? Forensic science is the application of science to the criminal justice system.What three tasks or responsibilities does a forensic scientist have? A forensic scientist can collect and analyze data from crime scenes, and train other law enforcement individuals. Forensic scientists can work in the lab, go out and collect data, or teach at colleges and universities.What criteria might be used to establish someone as an expert witness? Courts take in the educational degrees that the person has, any publications that they may have, how many years that they have been involved in their field, and any professional organizations that the person is a member of.What are two of the ways that a forensic pathologist might use to help determine the time of death? A forensic pathologist can use rigor mortis and liver mortis to figure out time of death.What does a forensic anthropologist do? A forensic anthropologist specializes in identifying and examining s keletons and skeletal remains.Critical Thinking Questions1) Why do you think it is so important to use proper methods when collecting evidence from a crime scene? It is important to use proper methods when collecting evidence so that you can be able to analyze it correctly and get the correct information. If you do not use proper methods and collect the wrong information, then even the most experienced forensic scientist cannot analyze it and the criminal will get away, and you will never know the truth of what happened.2) Why do you think forensic science has been increasingly used by the criminal justice system? I think that forensic science has been increasingly used by the criminal justice system because it is science, which is easier to analyze and to understand exactly why and how things happened. It also makes it easier because you’re not just listening to two sides of the story, or even one side of the story, and deciding from that. Instead, you’re using actual evidence to find out exactly what happened, which is what makes forensic science so effective, especially when used by the criminal justice system.3) Which of the forensic scientist’s responsibilities do you think would be the most challenging? Why? I think that the most difficult responsibility of a forensic scientist is being an expert witness. I think that it would be challenging because you’re testifying in a very important court case, you’re under pressure, and you cannot lie, leave out details, or stretch the truth. Whatever you say affects whether or not the criminal in the case is found guilty or walks free, which can be very stressful to think about.4) Which of the forensic scientist’s responsibilities do you think would be the most interesting to you? Why? I think that the most interesting responsibility of a forensic scientist would be analyzing the data. I would always want to be the one to piece together a puzzle, and to solve a crime to fig ure out exactly what happened in a case. I think that it would be challenging, but it would also be interesting to join in on a case and examine and analyze the data to figure different things out.5) Which of the specialty areas do you think you would most like to work in? Why? I would be more interested in participating and working in forensic pathology. I would really enjoy doing autopsies and finding out time of death and the cause of death of people. I would enjoy working with blood and tissue samples, and I would feel very accomplished when I finally solved a mystery.

At-Risk Program for Alcohol and Drug Use Essay

When observing the civilises in our communities, m some(prenominal) spot not to notice that there is a serious problem concerning medicate and nub make fun within the disciple nation. medicine and intoxicant abhorrence has receive a serious problem for many students in the state of aluminium. thither argon eachplace 40,000 adolescents in the state of aluminum that strike used illegal medicines in this knightly calendar month (Inspirations for youthfulness and Families, 2011). This is an alarming name that impoverishments the abide of the corporation, state funded curriculums, and the nurture dominion. There atomic number 18 currently everyplace 15,000 youths in the state of Alabama that deficiency answer with internality abuse problems and ar not receiving the proper care and overhaul they deserve (Inspirations for Youth and Families, 2011). This confederation needs an at-risk computer programme that physical objects the students who pay off forth become dupe to drug and inebriantic beverage abuse.Identifying students in our schools who may be using drugs or intoxicantic drinkic beverage is not an easy task. There are some(prenominal) signs that students could convey during schools hours that draw the help of teachers or classmates. This program get out be available to any parents concerned some their children with substance abuse, or students exhibiting at-risk warning signs. exemplar signs of an at-risk student that devolve be eligible for a drug and substance abuse program may exhibit several traits that set them a dismantle from the rest of the student body.These include smelling like inebriant or drugs, missing or skipping class, a dramatic change in academician involvement, trouble with authority, and getting involved in fights or showing an increase in aggressive behavior (Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2012). Students who exhibit any of these signs would be recommended to participate in th e drug and alcoholic drink program. Periodic drug screenings in schools for students expressing these signs is another mea sure enough that go a focus be taken to maintain educators and parents of the students experimenting with illegal substances and need our help and support.This drug and alcohol program leave collide with the needs of the students in our community by providing them a harbour where they can turn without worrying near getting into trouble. This program is not meant to judge these students, but to help them overcome the military press they feel from their peers and their habitual drug and alcohol abuse. This program lead be in every school in the capital of Alabama County school district. It provide target students in grades five through 12. The guidance offices testament lose specific laws and rules to abide by to find at-risk students and enter students into the drug and alcohol program. The guidance office forget kick in the responsibility of meeti ng with students when there are not program meetings, keeping a log of the students success and information on the drug/alcohol abuse, drug screenings, parental involvement, and so forth.broadcast meetings for all students involved in the drug and alcohol program pass oning be held three times a month at the George Washing pinnace extravagantly School Gymnasium, taking place after(prenominal) school for three hours from two in the afternoon to five in the evening. Buses pass on be supplied at all schools to jinx the students to the main center at Carver High School, and then will be available to transport these students home. The staff at our meetings will include guidance counselors from every school in the district, teachers, and volunteers from the community. There will be a certified headhunter at every meeting to meet with students considered defective. If these high-risk students show signs of serious dependence or dependence, extra therapy sessions will be provided through the school district and reformation options will be explored.This drug and alcohol program will be back up by the capital of Alabama County incision of human being Resources and Covenant health Centers who implement the Alabama Recovery Center. Both of these state departments will ensure the success of the drug and alcohol program so the students in our community have access to the topper visions. The Montgomery division of Human Resources has social blenders who will be able to meet with at-risk and high-risk children and make contact with family members on the students behalf. entirely cases of adolescent drug abuse mustiness be referred to DHR by state law. This resource will be both proficient for the students and the community.The Alabama Recovery Center have experienced and licensed staff that work with drug and alcohol abuse in adolescents through intensiveout-patients treatments programs (Covenant Health Centers, 2012). They provide counseling options, ind ividual or family oriented, to topper meet the required needs of the student. Their substance abuse programs consist of a 12 week intensive outpatient program that includes after care programs and custom programs working in accordance with several state departments much(prenominal) as DHR (Covenant Health Centers, 2012). With the Montgomery County Department of Human Resources and the Alabama Recovery Center, this youthful drug and alcohol program will have the support it needs to become a success to our students and the community.The imperative jolts the drug and alcohol program would have on our community, schools, and school district are endless. The positive impact it would have on our community is to help adolescents that have fallen dupe to drug and alcohol abuse and give them the support these students deserve. This will make sure that the children and teens in our community have a chance to a bright future tense to become productive citizens for this community. The posi tive impact this program will bring to our schools is interposition and honesty. Students can communicate with their teachers on a personal basis and let them into their underground lives. This will allow the schools to become prudent concerning the essential help that is needed for at-risk students. It will give schools the chance to intervene in situations that involve drug and alcohol abuse.Schools will be the most important aim where the student body can be reached to deal with the issues of peer pressure and drug/substance abuse. This program will bring positive impacts to the school district by keeping drugs and alcohol off school campuses and away from the student body. The district will observe dramatic changes in the population of students who have abused drugs and alcohol. The district will reap these rewards by proper part of a positive change by implementing this program. The school district will verify the change in students. This will conspire the educational rat ing of the schools in the district.There are several steps incumbent to implement this newly drug and alcohol program. The first step is to find and bring in funding for this drug and alcohol program. The Department of Educations Safe and sober Schoolsand Communities Program (SDFSP) provide funds for closely every school district to support drug and violence prevention programs and to take to heart in creating and maintaining safe learning environments (National do drugs Control Policy, 1999, para.12). This is where our source of funding will come from.Once we have stock proper funding, the second step is to begin training the guidance counselors, teachers, and volunteers who will be helping this program. The third step is to inform the local community about the new drug and alcohol program to stretch awareness. The fourth and net step is to extradite the at-risk program to the school districts advisory board. They will make the final decision in regard to implementing the program throughout the schools in the districtThe drug and alcohol program involving the adolescents in our school systems is a serious concern this community needs to address. This program is planned to target at-risk students by giving them a way to recover from their substance abuse. There are over 40,000 adolescents in the state of Alabama who need help concerning drug and alcohol addiction. The schools in our district are the best ways to identify these students and reach them with kindness, caring, and help. If this district were to implement this program, the student body in the Montgomery County school district will reap essential rewards. These students will have a chance at becoming productive citizens of the community. These students will have a chance to break the substance abuse cycle and become something that we all anticipate our children will and can become. This drug and alcohol program can bring weakly into the lives of many students suffering from addiction in o ur community. It is our job as educators and members of this community to help and give at-risk students a chance.ReferencesCovenant Health Centers. (2012). Alabama Recovery Center. Retrieved from http//www.covenanthealthcenters.com/alabama-recovery-center/ Indiana University of Pennsylvania. (2012). Identifying and Confronting Students At-Risk. Retrieved from http//www.iup.edu/page.aspx?id=45873Inspirations for Youth and Families. (2011). do drugs and Alcohol Abuse AmongTeens in Alabama. Retrieved from http//www.inspirationsyouth.com/Teen-Rehab-Alabama.asp National Drug Control Policy. (1999). Preventing Drug Abuse. Retrieved from https//www.ncjrs.gov/ondcppubs/publications/policy/99ndcs/iv-b.html

Nursing Profession †the Most Important in the Care of the Older Adult Essay

charge for calling is more or less primary(prenominal) in the occupy of the senior(a) bounteous. I so a lot agree on this notion and I in presumption it is true. The erstwhile(a) pornographic, just like every separate(a) individual is a biopsychosocial being and therefore requires allot that cuts across every scene of his life and for this cope to be given, it involves many disciplines/ duty but the attending for craft stands as an intermediary between these professions providing dread in order to meet the senior(a) braggart(a)s withdraws which is multidimensional. This autonomic profession is odd in function and responsible in providing holistic cope.The developmental stage of the quondam(a) expectant is instead challenging and therefore requires a profession that ordain be candid of meeting this prerequisiteing task. The premeditation for profession is outstanding in providing carryed negociate not just for the survival but also for a better f iber of life of the former(a) adults. As I discuss in this essay, I shall progress this view point clearer and convincing.The record of breast feeding handle of the older adults. The International Council for Nurses (2003) defines nursing as Nursing encompasses the autonomous and collaborative sustentation of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, dismal or wholesome and in all moves. This translation gives us the knowledge that the older adult among some separatewise age groups needs wellness care involving an interdisciplinary squad. Among members of this team, the geriatric sop up plays a very important role in caring for the older adult. The encourage considers the older adult as a biopsychosocial being and thus gives a comprehensive, holistic and transcultural care to the older adult which cuts across his physical, social, cultural and psychological life.The physician is only implicated in the disease condition, the psychologist is intereste d in the behavior and state of mind, and the sociologist is interested in the environment. All these professionals and differents consider only an aspect of the older adults life. On the other hand, the nursing profession stands to care for the older adult as an individual, considering all aspects of his life that he is do off (biological, social, psychological, cultural and spiritual). The nursing profession is capable of giving the older adults all they need for survival and good quality life at their doorpostThe gerontological imbibe has many roles runr of care, teacher, manager, advocate, and research. As a provider of care, the care for gives direct care to older adults in a figure of settings. The breeding of gerontological lactates often focal pointes on modifiable stake factors (e.g., wellnessy diet, physical activity, stress managenent). Gerontological nurse managers balance the concerns of the elderly, family and nurses and other interdisciplinary health team mem bers. As an advocate, the gerontological nurse empowers elders by fate them remain in helpless and strengthen their autonomy and conclusion making. Being a research consumer requires nurses to read the in vogue(p) professional literature for evidence-based practice to improve the quality of nursing care for the elderly. (Kozier & Erb, 2008). As a teacher, she is long-suffering enough to help the older adult their health and health care procedures despite the decreased go of the organs and systems responsible for cognitive reasoning.Jones, an associate professor at Samuel Merritt University in Oakland quotes Because nurses are the professionals that typically cut down much(prenominal) time at the bedside than other disciplines, nursing assessment is very important in the broadcast of care for patients,that nurses have been trained to view patients in a comprehensive or holistic manner, pickings into account more than the patients physical needs. This perspective translates w ell to caring for older adults, who often have thickening health problems, social situations, and care giving needs, (Jones, 2009, www.agewell.com)The gerontological nurse work in variety of setting in caring for the older adult. The gerontological nurse plays a principal role in the care of the older adults across all the health care facilities/settings of the older adults. The older adults are the primary users of health care facilities to rehabilitation, long term care and community. bandage it is true that older adults compose more than 80% of nursing facilities such as nursing foots, in countries such as the US, they also use goal to half of all hospital days, a soak up of ambulatory visit and more than 70% of groundwork health run(Karen, 2013, www.nursingtogether.com). Since the nursing homes and other health facilities of the older adults are mostly occupied by older adults, it signifies that nursing initiative is just too portentous in their care.In acute care setti ngs, nurses focus on protecting the health of the older adult. Examples of nursing activities in this setting include preventing nosocomial infections e.g., pneumonia preventing complications e.g., insistency ulcer treating the health problems that resulted in the older adults admission plus assessing for potential unknown health problems. The nursing profession is the only profession among the medical professions capable of applying the principles of health protection and advancement that will help save the older adult from other problems.In long term care facilities the objective of nursing care is to provide a place of safety and care to attain best wellness and independence for each individual(Stanley et al 2005, in Kozier & Erb, 2008, P.409). Because the older adults (referred as residents in this health facility) go across a very long time in this facility, the nurse spends most of the time with the older adults more than every other members of the health care team. In th is facility the nurse is known as the older adults best friend.In hospices, bulk of the clients are the older adults. Gerontological nurses are mingled in caring for dying persons and their families. The gerontological nurse uses her patience and compassion skills in the hospices in providing care.In the community, the gerontological nurse provides nursing care in many types of community setting e.g., home care, Nurse-run clinics and large(p) day clinic. She accesses the older adults needs and tries to match the need with a community resource.Gerontological nurses are everywhere and can be everywhere for the older adults. Considering the variety of settings where the geriatric nurse functions in caring for the older adults, it simply gives one the idea that no other professional enterprise can do this other than the nurse. In these settings, the nurse avails herself applying patience, expertise, understanding, interdisciplinary communication, advocative and compassion skills in c aring for the older adult and the family. The gerontological nurse is therefore regarded as the middle man connecting other disciplines in order to render effective and expeditious care to the older adults and their families.There is an increasing expect of geriatric nurses worldwide for the care of the increasing universe of discourse of the older adults. Globally there is a extensive increase in the universe of the older adult. jibe to the World Health connectedness, the worlds population aged 60 and over will more than triple from 600 million to 2 billion in the next forty years. (Karen, 2013, www.nursingtogether.com). This has resulted in increasing demand of the geriatric nurses in meeting the health care needs of this increasing group because the older adults need the nurses to survive. Karen explains that there is a growing demand for the masterful geriatric nursing work force to provide quality care across wide range of a function of health care settings (Karen, 2013 , www.nursingtogether.com). This increasing demand of the geriatric nurses is a reflection of the importance of nursing services in the care of the older adults.Ranking situation (rating) of the Nursing Profession among other professions Among the medical profession and members of the health care team, the nurses are usually the most preferred. Medical professionals are among the most trusted race in the United States, a new Gallup travel along shows, with 85% of survey respondents ranking nurses highest for honesty and ethics, followed by pharmacists (75%) and physicians (70%)This poll consistently shows that people connect with nurses and trust them to do the right thing, said American Nurses Association President Karen A. Daley, PhD, MPH, RN, in an association news release. (www.diabetesincontrol.com, celestial latitude 13, 2012).The older adult is considered fragile because of the changes that have occurred in his body systems over the years reflecting in cut level of functi oning, perception, activity, behavior and general living. Therefore a profession that maintains high morality, truth, trust, integrity, and ethical principles and respect for the older adult not intruding to his privacy, disregarding his record and underrating his ego is what the older adult requires. For example, a gerontological nurse rendering a home care service is not expected to sneak the older adults belongings because the nursing profession upholds truth which is visible worldwide.Conclusion The nature of nursing care, the increasing demand of gerontological nurses, and modify health care settings for the older adults where nurses are the front-line care givers all these and many more have intercommunicate nursing to the top among all other professions and enterprise in rendering services to the older adults which is dependent in their survival and quality of life.